MGMT338 U2 DB Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

MGMT338 U2 DB - Assignment Example Police investigator and designing supervisor are paid on base in addition to motivating force game plan. Here, they are repaid at 80% of the remuneration in addition to a motivating force part which offers them the opportunity to compensate objective situated execution (Armstrong, 2003). The benchmarking efficiency is essential for keeping up the principles of the gathering. Enrolled medical attendant and greens keeper are paid straight pay rates. Here, they are paid foreordained measure of money every year. One of the impacts of the pay is a decrease in use. The medical caretakers and greens keepers are not, at this point made up for recommending treatment and offering arranging administrations separately. Then again, a mechanical designer is paid on hourly premise. Here, a specialist is paid their time utilizing hourly rates. This processes the pay by duplicating the quantity of hours entered on the exchange sheet by the hourly rate. A designer is paid relying upon the quantity of hours (Khan, and Jain,

Culture Versus Environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Culture Versus Environment - Essay Example Ceremonies intended to mollify a large number of divine beings thought to control different parts of the earth were supplanted by monotheism and secularism. Ideal conditions empowered the revelation of new innovations and liberated humankind from focusing on endurance. This brought about more noteworthy supplies of food and different assets empowering the development of bigger and less homogeneous settlements with efficiency further expanded by particular division of work. In this way while condition didn't straightforwardly influence social qualities, it made a milieu where that part of humankind who could profit by progressively positive situations not just had a more noteworthy feeling of their capacity to control their own condition yet additionally a feeling of strengthening where they believed they could and ought to force their way of life on those less enabled and assumed mediocre. Diamond’s Theory and the Spanish ConquistadoresNot just did Diamond guess there must be the appropriate condition for innovation upgrades to happen, he additionally fought the general condition must have the option to encourage the trading of mechanical enhancements so that there is the across the board progression of human advancement. He contended Europe/Asia are situated on an east/west pivot meaning the abutting mainlands are exceptionally wide on a similar scope (east/west) Therefore they have comparative vegetation and atmosphere so the advancement of agribusiness and creature training could without much of a stretch spread from the Middle East along this hallway with little adjustment required east.

Discuss the Relationship Between Great Britain Free Essays

The years 1750-1776 were unpredictable years with respect to the connection among Britain and the North American settlements. An enormous scope war, assessments, and revolts all had an impact in the threats between the two countries. Financial matters, nonetheless, may have been the sparkle that lit the fire between the two countries, and may maybe be the most critical reason for the future clashes between the North American states and Great Britain. We will compose a custom exposition test on Examine the Relationship Between Great Britain or then again any comparable subject just for you Request Now The French and Indian war was battled from 1754-1761 principally between the French with Indian partners and Britain for control of North America. This war was one of the main wars that would be battled on a worldwide scale requiring more assets to help in the war exertion. England poured exceptionally enormous aggregates of cash into the war so as to ensure the pilgrims. Before the finish of the war, after Britain’s triumph and the marking of the bargain of Paris of 1763, Britain had consumed a lot of its assets. Americans, subsequent to hearing the updates on Britain’s triumph in the war, were promptly making arrangements to wander westbound into recently obtained lands. England, expecting that Indians would assault the states, immediately passed the announcement of 1763 forbidding settlement west of the Appalachians. Doing this was one exertion to forestall future clashes that would thusly expect Britain to use a greater amount of its assets. England had burrowed a monetary opening so profound that it would require huge measures of soil to top off it. Where was the cash to originated from? The Americans, having scarcely bolstered the war exertion, would turn into the donkey that was to worry about the concern. The war was in actuality battled to ensure the states; in this manner the pioneers ought to need to pay for the cash that was utilized for their own resistance. England grasped this thought and began passing assessment acts and upheld the route demonstrations. Of the demonstrations that were passed to raise charge income the first was the Sugar Act. This demonstration put an expense on all sugar that was brought into the provinces. Another demonstration that was passed was the stamp demonstration which set duties on playing a game of cards, marriage licenses and other printed products. The pioneers demonstrated savage hatred to this as they in the long run shaped the stamp demonstration congress. As found in Document B areas III and IV the pilgrims accepted that they didn't have to pay these assessments as they were not in any event, being actualized by their own administration. Different types of disdain would emerge as gatherings known as the children of freedom and little girls of freedom would be shaped. In archive C it is demonstrated that the children of freedom were a gathering of basic townsfolk laborers. These people would weep for freedom, no stamps, and property as they accepted that they ought not need to settle for the charges. They additionally implemented nonimportation understandings to make other individual pioneers bolster their motivation to oppose the homeland. The route demonstrations additionally acted like a genuine danger to the pilgrims as they constrained exchange explicitly among them and England absolving different nations from the exchange. This was a significant monetary issue for the pilgrims as they couldn't offer products to different nations as they might acquire bigger benefits as they could sell more merchandise and at more significant expenses. In report D Benjamin Franklin discusses how the settlers are confined to exchange with England aside from the sneaking that happens among Spanish and provincial exchange. He feels that some move ought to be made that would in the end better the settlements monetarily. Generally, financial aspects were the underlying foundations of the weeds that had been planted by Britain starting a significant clash that cost them a whole country. Step by step instructions to refer to Discuss the Relationship Between Great Britain, Essay models

Mental Health Care for Latin Americans Essay

Unique The Hispanic populace in the United States has quickly expanded in the course of the most recent decade and is underrepresented and thought about in psychological wellness administrations. By understanding their way of life and finding out about the earth they live in specialists can all the more likely meet the patient’s needs. This paper covers Historical substance, Family structure, Education, Rates of Psychiatric Disorders indications, and what to do as an advisor for Latino/Hispanic customers. Likewise talked about will be some examination demonstrating examples of psychological wellness changes between Hispanics that were conceived in America and those that were conceived in South America. This paper shouldn’t end your examination around there yet fill in as an inspiration for additional training. Psychological wellness Care for Latin Americans and Hispanic Americans When figuring out how to direct Latin/Hispanic Americans it is critical to know a couple of realities about their way of life and paces of dysfunctional behavior. There are a couple of social bonds shared be Latin/Hispanic Americans. Perhaps the greatest bond is the Spanish language. The Spanish language and culture are basic bonds for some Hispanic Americans, whether or not they follow their lineage to Africa, Asia, Europe, or the Americas. The outsider experience is another normal bond. By and by, Hispanic Americans are heterogeneous in the conditions of their movement and in different qualities. To comprehend their emotional well-being needs, it is essential to look at both the mutual and interesting encounters of various gatherings of Hispanic Americans. One of the most distinctive attributes of the Hispanic/Latin American populace is its quick development. In the 2000 registration the quantity of Hispanics checked rose to 35. 3 million, generally equivalent to the quantity of African Americans (U. S. Evaluation Bureau, 2001a). Indeed, statistics projections show that by 2050, the quantity of Latinos will increment to 97 million; this number will comprise about one-fourth of the U. S. populace. Projections for the extent of Hispanic youth are considerably higher. It is anticipated that almost 33% of those under 19 years old will be Hispanic by 2050 (Spencer and Hollmann, 1998). People of Mexican root involve the biggest extent of Latinos (just about 66%), with the staying third conveyed basically among people of Puerto Rican, Cuban, and Central American beginning, (U.S. Evaluation Bureau, 2001b). It is important that almost 66% of Hispanics (64 %) were conceived in the United States (U. S. Statistics Bureau, 2000c). Another regular bond is relocation or migration. Puerto Ricans started showing up in huge numbers on the U. S. territory after World War II as Puerto Rico’s populace expanded. High joblessness among dislodged farming specialists on the island additionally prompted enormous scope migration to the territory United States that proceeded through the 1950s and 1960s. During the 1980s, the movement design turned out to be progressively round the same number of Puerto Ricans decided to come back to the island. One particular attribute of Puerto Rican relocation is that the subsequent Organic Act, or Jones Act, of 1917 conceded Puerto Ricans U. S. citizenship. In spite of the fact that Cubans went to the United States in the second 50% of the nineteenth century and in the early piece of the twentieth century, the best convergence of Cuban outsiders started after Fidel Castro ousted the Fulgencio Batista government in 1959. Initial, a first class gathering of Cubans came, however migration proceeded with individuals making the perilous intersection to the United States by stopgap watercraft (Bernal and Shapiro, 1996). A portion of these outsiders, for example, the informed experts who went to the United States during the early period of Cuban relocation, have gotten entrenched, where-as other people who showed up with scarcely any monetary assets are less so. In contrast to outsiders from a few different nations, numerous Cubans have accessed citizenship and government support through their status as political displaced people. Focal Americans are the freshest Latino subgroup in the United States. Numerous Central Americans fled their nations â€Å"por la situacion†, an expression that alludes to the political fear and monstrosities in their countries. In spite of the fact that the particular social, recorded, and political settings contrast in El Salvador, Guatemala, and Nicaragua, clashes in those nations prompted a critical migration of their residents. Around 21 percent of outside brought into the world Central Americans showed up in the United States somewhere in the range of 1970 and 1979, and the mass (around 70 %) showed up somewhere in the range of 1980 and 1990 (Farias, 1994). The conditions that made different Hispanic gatherings relocate significantly impact their involvement with the United States. Cubans fled a Communist government, and, therefore, the U. S. Government has offered help through displaced person or contestant status, work grants (Gil and Vega, 1996), and citizenship. The greater part (51 %) of Cuban migrants have become U. S. residents, contrasted with just 15 percent of Mexican settlers (U. S. Registration Bureau, 1998). Puerto Ricans, regardless of whether conceived on the terrain or in Puerto Rico, are by definition U. S. residents and, subsequently, approach government-supported help administrations. Anyway numerous Central American foreigners are not perceived as political evacuees, notwithstanding the way that the war-related injury and fear that went before their migration may put them at high hazard for post-awful pressure issue (PTSD) and may make change in accordance with their new home increasingly troublesome. Numerous Latinos who show up without legitimate documentation experience issues getting employments or progressing in them and live with the incessant dread of expelling. At long last, numerous Mexicans, Puerto Ricans, Central Americans, and ongoing Cuban outsiders come as incompetent workers or dislodged farming laborers who do not have the social and financial assets to facilitate their alteration. Hispanics are profoundly gathered in the U. S. Southwest In 2000, 60 percent lived in five Southwestern States (California, Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, and Texas). Around half of every Hispanic American live in two States, California and Texas (U. S. Registration Bureau, 2001b). While numerous Southwestern Latinos are late outsiders, others are relatives of Mexican and Spanish pilgrims who lived in the region before it had a place with the United States. A portion of these relatives, especially those in New Mexico and Colorado, allude to themselves as â€Å"Hispanos. † More late settlers from Mexico and Central America are attracted toward the Southwest on account of its closeness to their nations of origin, its business openings, and its set up Latino people group, which can enable them, to secure positions. Outside the Southwest, New York, Florida, and Illinois are home to the biggest groupings of Hispanics. New York has 8. 1 percent, Florida, 7. 6 percent, and Illinois, 4. 3 percent of the considerable number of Latinos evaluated to dwell in the United States in 2000 (U. S. Statistics Bureau, 2001b). 66% of Puerto Ricans on the terrain live in New York and New Jersey, and 66% of Cuban Americans live in Florida (Population Reference Bureau, 2000). Albeit explicit subgroups of Latinos are related with explicit geological areas, significant segment shifts have brought about the expanded perceivability of Latinos all through the United States. From 1990 to 2000, Latinos dramatically increased in number in the accompanying six states: Arkansas (170 %), Nevada (145 %), North Carolina (129 %), Georgia (120 %), Nebraska (108 %), and Tennessee (105 %) (U. S. Enumeration Bureau, 2000c). Of the six States, Nevada is the just one situated in a locale with customarily high groupings of Latinos. Consequently, notwithstanding developing in numbers, Hispanic Americans are spreading all through the United States. Latinos are regularly alluded to as family arranged (Sabogal et al. , 1987). Note that familism is as much an impression of social procedures as of social practice (Lopez and Guarnaccia, 2000). In particular, the mutual experience of moving to another land or of encountering troublesome social conditions in one’s country can elevate adherence to family ties. Much of the time, family associations encourage endurance and modification. The significance of family can be found in Hispanic living courses of action. Albeit family attributes change by Latino subgroups, in general, Latinos, similar to Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders, are well on the way to live in family families and to the least extent liable to live alone. Also, youngsters (particularly the females) will in general stay in the family until they wed Overall, Hispanics have less conventional training than the national normal. Of Latinos more than 25 years old, just 56 percent have moved on from secondary school, and just 11 percent have moved on from school. Broadly, 83 percent and 25 percent of a similar age bunch have moved on from secondary school and school individually (U. S. Registration Bureau, 2000b). Hispanics’ instructive accomplishment is identified with their place of birth. In 1999, just 44 percent of outside brought into the world Hispanic grown-ups 25 years and more seasoned were secondary school graduates, contrasted with 70 percent of U. S. - brought into the world Hispanic grown-ups (U. S. Enumeration Bureau, 2000b). The dropout rate for outside conceived Hispanics ages 16 to 24 is more than double the dropout rate for U. S. - conceived Hispanics in a similar age go (Kaufman et al. , 1999). An ongoing investigation of center school Latino understudies addresses why remote conceived teenagers and grown-ups have the most noticeably terrible instructive results (C. Suarez-Orozco and M. Suarez-Orozco, 1995). The examination presumed that ongoing outsiders from Mexico and El Salvador had at any rate the equivalent, or at times more noteworthy inspiration to accomplish than white or U. S. - brought into the world Mexican American understudies. The instructive accomplishment of three of the primary Hispanic subgroups uncovers further inconstancy. Cubans have the most noteworthy level of officially instructed individuals. Of people more than 25 years old, 70 percent of Cuban Americans have moved on from secondary school, while

Health Care Careers Diagram and Summary Essay Example for Free

Human services Careers Diagram and Summary Essay The job of the Chief Information Officer (CIO) in human services has gotten one of the principle life savers in the business. The CIO is the most notable individual inside an association with respect to the gathering, association, checking and making sure about of information. The CIO is a basic individual from the official initiative group. Accused of building up the organization’s system, the person is liable for driving the IT staff and guaranteeing generally consistence with every single administrative necessity. The CIO is additionally liable for staying up with the latest with the most recent innovation slants just as dangers and having the option to adjust the organization’s procedure to relieve those dangers. The CIO additionally offices and drives change inside the association (Glaser Williams, 2010). The CIO is answerable for building up and keeping up many key connections inside an organization’s administration group. They work to give important information that helps shape the whole organization’s vision and way to progress. The CIO reports reliably on the advancement and improvement of all data innovation (IT) anticipates, issues, and undertakings. â€Å"They are the mind of the business-body, observing and controlling all the information that goes through. Without CIOs, a medicinal services organization would fall under the heaviness of natural information.† (Becoming a Healthcare CIO (Chief Information Officer), 2012) The CIO centers around refreshing and enhancing existing frameworks while using new frameworks viably and effectively. They are additionally answerable for refreshing and looking after abilities, fortifying arrangements and improving systems regularly. The CIO is the bleeding edge of barrier for ensuring the association against extortion and misuse, just as making sure about all electronic patient wellbeing data (ePHI). The job of the CIO has developed as the social insurance industry has confronted changes with the reliance onâ information innovation. Figure 1. Boss Information Officer’s duties inside a human services association. As appeared in Figure 1, a human services CIO faces numerous difficulties on an everyday premise. These difficulties are through keeping up existing frameworks, streamlining new frameworks, and ensuring PHI. The job of the CIO will keep on developing as the human services framework changes and the reliance and guidelines encompassing the job of data innovation increment. References Turning into a Healthcare CIO (Chief Information Officer). (2012). Recovered from HealthcareAdministration.com: http://www.healthcareadministration.com/turning into a-human services cio-boss data official/Glaser, J. P., Williams, R. B. (2010). The Definitive Evolution of the Role of the CIO. Diary of Healthcare Information the executives, 21(1), 9-11. Recovered from http://www.himss.org/documents/HIMSSorg/content/records/03_column_Leadership.pdf

Geology and the Himalayas - 550 Words

Geology and the Himalayas (Thesis Proposal Sample) Content: Geology of the Himalayas Name: Course: Geology of the Himalayas Abstract Interest in the geology of the Himalayas has grown over time. However, it is the appearance of the plate tectonics that has driven geologists into studying the Himalayas. As such, different models have been developed to explain the geology of the Himalayas. While geology seemingly tends to change rapidly across different areas, both the tectonic units and lithounits remain surprisingly constant. The mountain range comprises four principal tectonic zones. Various works have been advanced with the intention of characterising, correlating and demonstrating the continuity of the various units of the Himalayan range. The Himalayan mountain range resulted from a process of continental collision between Eurasia and India. In this paper, the four principal tectonic zones of the Himalayan range including their geology will be discussed. Introduction This section will introduce the reader to the Hi malayan mountain range. The processes leading to its formation will be highlighted. A preview of the various characteristics of the mountain range will be provided including its range, characteristic features and the various subdivisions. Different arguments presented by various geologists will be presented as well. Formation Of The Himalayan Range Mountain Range This section will discuss in general the continental processes leading to the formation of the Himalayan mountain range. This will include a review of the various geological aspects central to the understanding of the geology of the Himalayan mountain range. The various sections resulting from the plate tectonics process will be briefly mentioned. Subdivisions Of The Himalayan Mountain Range Following a substantive review of the continental processes leading to the formation of the Himalayan mountain range, this section will discuss at length the four principal tectonic zones comprising the Himalayan mountain range. Sub-Himalaya This section will discuss the aspects characterising the Sub-Himalayan section of the Himalayas and its formation through the latest elevator movement phase; that is associated with the formation of the mountain system. The section will focus on the coverage of the sub-Himalayan range including details on how it is bound to the north and how it is separated from the Lesser Himalayas. Others aspects to be discussed will include the tertiary and quaternary sediments, the outcrop that runs continuously from Brahmaputra to Indus and the flat-bottomed longitudinal valleys characteristic to the range Sub- Himalaya. Lesser Himalayas The section will focus on the height of the Lesser Himalayas section, its formation and its geological characteristics. The Cambrian and Precambrian sequences of the Tejam, Mussoorie Group, Jaunsar-Garhwal and Damtha that the Lesser Himalaya encompasses will be addressed. The characteristic features of the Lesser Himalayas will be highlighted including its borders and the various ranges within it will be outlined. The Higher Himalayas In this part, the main central thrust separating the Higher Himalayas from t...

Profile Samples Essay for Dummies

Profile Samples Essay for Dummies What the In-Crowd Won't Tell You About Profile Samples Essay However long your company profile may be, the fundamental elements do stay the same. Your basic company profile should not be exceedingly long or else you will shed the reader in the practice. A carefully structured company profile can allow it to be simple for readers to understand what are the ways they can get in contact with the organization. Discernable marketing and merchandising suggestions to create powerful displays with a good eye for detail to make the most of customer purchases. An expert profile summary is virtually always best. This guide is going to outline four important questions that you want to address to compose a great resume profile, in addition to explain the way that it differs from a career objective and qualifications summary. In your own personal profile, you can want to demonstrate your own personal biography, state your working experience and education levels. There are particular measures which should be taken seriously while writing a profile essay. The position you're applying for is your objective and it ought to be listed above your profile summary for a title. While writing the profile essay outline one must be very much careful in regards to the points which are added in every section. Aside from step-by-step ideas to compose a fantastic superior profile essay an individual can also findfree examples of profile essay given here. Normally, a company profile is updated on a yearly basis especially the financial statements as a way to permit the customers know what the current financial standing of the provider is. From researching the organization and scouring job posting you'll uncover company-specific info and requirements that you ought to include. You already know that you would like to work for the business in the place of Sales Representative or District Manager because you think you're the suitable candidate for the job. To acquire employment for a customer service specialist in a dynamic firm. The Honest to Goodness Truth on Profile Samples Essay It's always valuable to check at samples from different individuals to find some very first general orientation. MBA programmes are made for ambitious professionals who want to elevate their samples to a greater level. Specific programs and applications are frequently used as keywords in the event of a technical resume. Award-winning management and co mmunication abilities and capacity to think outside the box. Want to Know More About Profile Samples Essay? Profile essay covers in-depth particulars of the circumstance and there are specific forms of profile essay questions too and that is the reason why it will become significant to do research on the topic before writing the essay. It is imperative to have a group discussion on the subject of the essay to create new questions and arguments on it. With the assistance of these expert essay writers, an individual can submit high quality essays in college for a great score. The major essay incorporates major questions, research, and arguments together with solutions on the subject of the essay. Resume profiles are the very first chance to highlight someone's relevant career experiences, skills, and what goals they are trying to achieve while in her or his next position. Career objectives are most useful for people targeting one specific position, since they let the applicant to directly cover the requirements of the business and show how they are going to fit in the workforce. Proofreading is of extreme importance when you wish to land that coveted job at a significant organization. Writing a profile essay demands the individual to perform a deep study and research on this issue of the essay. All you have to do is consult with an expert customized essay writing service like ours that is guaranteed to submit all of your assigned work punctually. Graduates that are still finding it tough to finish their profile essay for college after reading the aforementioned ideas can look for expert assistance. In case you haven't written one before, you should start with reading our tips about how to compose a personal statement. If you're interviewing an individual, give the interviewee a notion of the kinds of questions that you'll be asking.

The Greatest Military Of The Invaded Country - 4591 Words

â€Å"A general should be capable of making all the resources of the invaded country contribute to the success of his enterprise† - Lt. Gen. Antoine Henri, Baron De Jominin Leadership is a powerful thing when it comes to the survival of a nation. It becomes even more valuable for countries that want to concur and expand into foreign land. Such an expansion would require individuals with not only control domestically, but militarily. Men of this caliber have existed in human history and they have used their predecessors as examples to build upon. In France’s long history, no other leader has made an impact on their history than Napoleon Bonaparte. He’s known throughout the world as one of the greatest military genies of all time and†¦show more content†¦He would do so through the practice of curry favors. Grateful of his work, the French government granted the Bonaparte family with financial benefits to send little Napoleon to school for a proper education at the military college of Brienne. Seeing a Third Estate member being accepted to a Military Academy was something unheard of. This move suited Napoleon well. From a very young age, he had a fondness in the art of war. This is the same man who would later coin that same phrase â€Å"Art of War†. Once he was of age, Napoleon was enrolled into the Brienne-le-Chateau Military Academy where he would learn in the art of Mathematics, Latin, History, Geography, Physics, Weaponry, Fencing and many other expectable subjects when it came to a royal education of military. Early on, Napoleon’s experiences at Brienne were quite different than most who attending the Academy. Due to his early maturation in mathematics, Napoleon was granted the right to enroll ahead of time for his upper level classes because the Academy felt it would be best to challenge the young Bonaparte. It is very likely that this is where Napoleon grew very fond of not only Geometry but also the importance of geography and map making. This is where young Napoleon would see why anything around him could be used in many ways. It was als o here where some at the Academy actually recommended that he’d become an engineer because of his understanding of empty space. As he furtheredShow MoreRelatedGeneral H. Norman Schwarzkops Involvement in the Conflict Between Iraq and Kuwait972 Words   |  4 Pagesitself in the middle of a conflict between Iraq and Kuwait. Iraq invaded Kuwait and took over the country and was threatening the world’s oil economy. General H. 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He was the second child of the eight-child family (Mc,lynn, 1998). Napoleon was one of the greatest military minds in human history. Under his control, France became one of the strongest countries. Napoleon put a lot ofRead MoreGermany Was A War Thirsty Country1257 Words   |  6 PagesAs previously stated Germany was a war thirsty country who was driven by self-interest and ultimately selfishness. They were willing to stop at nothing in order to provoke the war and it was because of their behaviour as to why so many people put the blame and responsibility for starting the First World War on them. At the time Germany was facing many problems of their own and it was because of these problems that they were so desperate for something as extreme as a world war. They knew that if theyRead MoreItaly : A Country Of Italy1380 Words   |  6 PagesINTRO The beautifully known country of Italy had been a modern nation state for hardly half-century and the Kingdom of Italy was not declared until 1861. King Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia, after the efforts of the great Italian statesman Camillo Benso di Cavour and the military campaigns of Giuseppe Garibaldi. â€Å"The young state of Italy faced many problems in the late 19th and early 20th centuries† (Sailus, 2016). The split nature of its beginnings caused massive differences in terms of regionalRead MoreThe War on Terror985 Words   |  4 Pagesmany things the same, for instance people can not get on a plane without going through an hour or two of security. But Thirteen years after the biggest terrorist attack the world had ever seen, the War on Terror remains a vital problem for the U.S Military. The War on terror has been a main focus for the U.S for many years now. The U.S. first got involved in the war on September 11th, 2001, when two planes crashed in to the World Trade Center in New York City, and one in to the Pentagon in Washington

The Body Language Of Rachel Notley Video Https - 932 Words

The Body Language of Rachel Notley Video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IEF7Pdadj-Y Background and Context On October 14, 2014, a promising Rachel Notley was featured in an interview with CityTV, as she was advocating her campaign as a candidate for the New Democratic Party leader. In her attempt to express her viewpoints, she was able to establish her thoughts not only verbally, but with the uses of her body language as well. Being defined as nonverbal communication, body language is known for its versatility in daily interactions. As it is divided into 3 key aspects, it is illustrated as a tool, demonstrated by Notley as she promotes her political campaign through her practice of facial expressions, posture, and gestures. The report will feature these key aspects. Record of Observation All three aspects of body language each contribute to a certain characteristic, aiding in determining certain moods and in determining personality. Facial expression, posture, and gesture each expre ss different meanings as, it correspond to the different movements. As it is known as a tool that is used by successful people (Chapman, c2015), Notleys practice of the key aspects allow her to clearly communicate her points and arguments, in a non-verbally format. In her adaptation of the essentially skill, she establishes a professional, yet feminine image, also assisting towards her political career. Facial expressions: Facial expressions are known as one of the most universal forms of bodyShow MoreRelatedA Politician s Body Language1194 Words   |  5 PagesRachel Notley: A Politician’s Body Language Background and Context: A politician needs to master two languages: verbal and nonverbal. Nonverbal communications include such things as posture, gesture, tone of voice, facial expression, and eye contact. â€Å"Just as a dimmer switch on a light can be used to adjust intensity, nonverbal cues often reveal shades and degrees of meaning† (Weaver, 1978, p. 21). David Gergen attributed a major part of Ronald Reagan’s political success to his effective body language

Domestic Violence on Women in Society - 1730 Words

Domestic Violence on Women and girls in Society Tabinda Asghar Dow Institute of Nursing Abstract Violence alongside women and girls is a sign of previously uneven authority relations among men and women, which have led to command over and unfairness against women by men and to the avoidance of the full progression of women. These types of terrible actions against women and girls continues to be a global epidemic that kills, tortures, and wound- physically, psychologically, sexually and economically. Domestic Violence is the imposing of bodily injury by one family or household partner on another also a frequent or habitual pattern of aggressive behavior. Research shows that verbal abuse against women in Pakistan is 97.5% by the†¦show more content†¦Attempt or completed sex act involving a person who is unable to understand the nature or condition of the act, unable to decline participation or unable to communicate unwillingness to engage in the sexual act because of underage, immaturity , illness disability or the influence of alcohol or other drugs or because of intimi dation or pressure. Emotional abuse is called psychological abuse or mental abuse. Degradation in any form can be considered psychological abuse. Emotional abuse can include verbal abuse and is defined as any behavior that threatens, intimidates, undermines the victim’s self-worth or self-esteem or controls the victim’s freedom. Constant criticism, name-calling and making statements that damage the victim’s self esteem are also common verbal forms of emotional abuse. 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Synthesis Essay King vs. Aung San Suu Kyi - 980 Words

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi once said, â€Å"Nonviolence is not a garment to be put on and off at will. Its seat is in the heart, and it must be an inseparable part of our being.† Gandhi dedicated his life to a role of non-violence amidst times of hate, war, and even bigotry. He was at the forefront on India’s quest for freedom from Britain during the mid 1900’s. Gandhi led hundreds of thousands of Indians into civil disobedience against the British, however; he believed the most important thing was that Indians avoided all types of violence and hatred in their quest for freedom. His belief in a form of non-violence influenced many during and after his life ended in 1948. Two of the individuals it had the biggest impact on were Dr. Martin†¦show more content†¦An underlying element in the lives of King and Aung is sacrifice. King sacrificed many things during his life; however the most important thing he sacrificed came on April 4th, 1968. King was in Memphis, Tennessee on this fateful day and was assassinated on the balcony of his hotel suite. Throughout his life King sacrificed many things for his Civil Rights cause such as time with his family, freedom, and most importantly his own life. Aung San Suu Kyi sacrificed much of her personal freedom during her life for political equality in Burma. She has been held under house arrest for the better part of the past twenty years. Several times during her house arrest she has been allowed freedom, but was not allowed to travel to the United Kingdom due to threats of being banished from her homeland. During his life, Gandhi lived in a self-sufficient residential community, wove his own clothes, and even ate simple vegetarian food. Much like Gandhi, King and Aung were willing to sacrifice all they had for the betterment of their goal. There are few events throughout history where Gandhi, King, and Aung all participated in, whether it was during their lives or posthumously. Eac h person won or had been closely contributed to the winning of the Nobel Peace Prize. The Nobel Peace Prize is one of the five prizes handed out by Swedish industrialist and

Document Falsification by an Organization-Free-Sample for Students

Question: Discuss about the Document Falsification in an Organization. Answer: Introduction Ethics is an aspect that is studied all across different professionalisms and fields. Business ethics, therefore, refers to company standards, sets of values, principles, and norms that are formed with the aim of governing the actions and behavior of an individual in a place (Bridgman, 2012). It examines morals or immoral problems that arise in the business environment. These ethics originate from people, organizational statements or the legal system. Examples of common business ethics are honesty, integrity, loyalty, fairness, leadership, and responsibility. On the other hand, business sustainability refers to the management and coordination of all environmental, social and financial aspects to provide an ethical, successful business (Baker, 2015). Business sustainability is considered to be in three categories. These include; corporate culture that incorporates the principles of every business decisions. Community or social that ensures that the business offers sustainable services to the society by giving back to them, either through charitable donations or offering internship the young members of the society. The environmental aspect ensures that the business is committed to greener friendly environment. The environmental issue is achievable by decreasing or eliminating the destructive environmental omissions (Choi et al., 2015). Every individual affects the sustainability of business in a market place either positively or negatively. This article, therefore, examines the business ethical issues, sustainability elements, theories, and concepts behind document falsification. It takes into account to the MacDonalds ethical levels and in contrast to other primary business ethics. It also examines the consequence that befalls a student that commits the cheating. In a systematic study, Vazquez (2016) denotes that a falsified document in accordance with Section 250 of the Australian Crime Act, is one that is purported to have been altered or made by an individual who did not work on the document, on the authority of an individual who is not authorized to have the document, in a place or on a date where and when it was not made respectively, in terms, the document was not made in at the original document preparation. Document falsification and the increasing fraud challenge it offers to the business community Document falsification is very paramount in most of the local and international colleges and universities among other academic institutions (McCabe, 2015). According to this study, document forgery is the process by which student in conjunction with unauthorized organization or individual obtains a particular document to present to the university as a genuine academic work. University and college students are prone to these types of practices. Students who are pursuing their degrees or masters program tend to pay some organizations or individuals to undertake their research work or their faculty assignments. They then submit them to the lectures. Under the University Academic and Policy Law, document falsification is a crime, and unethical that calls for punishment for the student for both the student and the organization that offers the service. The ethical idea behind student submitting assignments done b others at a small fee The document falsification practiced by students is not ethical. The practice is considered to be an academic dishonesty (Huang, 2016). It contradicts the research and academic ethics drawn by the University Academic Board. The university academic and research ethics dictates that every student should do their research publication. They should not take somebodys work and present as their own. The ethics dictate that there should be no collaboration in doing individual work, such as copying during the exam or asking for assistance in the form of payment to undertake the students role during the research work. They should ensure the originality of the academic work. Therefore, the practice is deceitful, and any academic certificate gained through it should be revocable. The unethical idea behind organization offering this type of service on the basis of MacDonalds four levels of business ethics Ethical of document falsification by an organization is unethical. Business groups always have one objective; to make money, nevertheless, the money should be made by the set business ethics. According to the MacDonalds four levels of business ethics, it is unethical to for an organization to offer document falsification to the university students to present as their academic work (Dominici, 2017). The MacDonald four levels of business ethics are personal level, organizational level, national level and international level. The personal level is also known as an individual level, a level where one must always participate in decision-making taking into account of what is right to do in different circumstances (Papish, 2016). At this level, honesty is paramount to the individual. One must be able to admit either in committing a wrong, making an honest mistake, or making a bad decision. The personal level calls for personal responsibility for any decision made. Therefore according to MacDonald personal level business ethics, it is unacceptable for an organization to offer such services to students who are pursuing their academic program since it contradicts with the Academic Regulations. The organizational level looks at the ethical action of the organization. It states that any mistake committed by a body is as a result of the decision made within the organization. Organization values should bring benefits to both the stakeholder and the society. When an organization receives payment from a student to do what is illegal like falsifying an academic work, and then it is being termed as corruptible. National level ethics dwells on the societal expectations such as good business behavior (Papish, 2016). It dictates that a business should play a fair ground that conforms to the law of the country. Business, therefore, is not expected to accept bribery or any other form of cash that is against the law for it to thrive. Therefore an organization that receives money from university students to assist them in falsifying academic documents is committing a crime that should be punishable. The practice will not only affect the students academic but will also put the reputation of such an organization in question. International level entails all aspects across the national boundary to curb the problems that affect the world academic institutions as a whole (McCabe, 2015). These efforts aim at addressing all global sustainability of every ethical behavior for the benefit of the students, their future career, and the community as well. However, when an organization practices document falsification to the university students, it tends to undermine millennium goals that are set by the international organizations and academic institutions to offer high-quality education to every individual. The practice will offer a significant number of poor professionalism and law integrity graduates. A contrast of the practice from the perspective of consequentialism, deontology and virtue ethics theories There are major ethical theories adopted by various business organizations both large and small in the local and international level. These ethical principles include consequentialism, deontology and virtue ethics as pointed out by (Moraes, Carrigan, Bosangit, Ferreira, McGrath, 2015). Consequentialism is a moral philosophy that dictates that whatever one does depend on whatever happens afterward (Kahn, 2012). Consequentialism is the act of worrying more about the result than the action itself. As a result, a morally right action will ultimately lead to good result without taking into account of the means from the consequentialist point of view. In other words, it says that if a goal is morally right, then the method of achieving the goal is acceptable (Morgan et al., 2015). For instance, every student in the university has the urge of scoring high points. In academic, therefore, according to the theory, the student is obliged to score the high marks without looking at the method us ed to get the marks, hence the student will opt to seek assistance from the organization that offers document falsifications and presents it to the lecture on their work. In the end, if not detected, the student will score high marks and be awarded marks or their degree. There are two different types of consequentialism. These are; Utilitarianism that states individual should stress more on human-being while Hedonism stresses more on human pleasure and satisfaction. The deontological ethical theory asserts that every employee should stick to their obligations and duties when making any ethical decision that can have a direct or indirect effect on an individual or organization (Saja, 2013). According to this study, the individual adopting the theory need to follow and uphold the recommended ethical obligations since this is what is considered morally upright by the business. The theory argues that anything good must be good in itself and good without qualification. For example, an organization offering assistance on research work to a university student will adhere to the terms offered to the student and the organization. Deontology offers both parties a good ground for their self-interest. According to Moraes et al. (2015), students often get there work done and obtain their degree without purely qualifying for them while the organization can make money without upholding business ethics. Nonetheless, it has got a negative attribute. The negative characteristic is that both parties break the laws. The students are not honest in their academic presentation, and the organization is not being honest and ethical in the activities and services it offers as it core function to the students. The deontology ethic does not focus its benefit to the diverse society but to an individual, the student that seeks aid in the academic work. The organization practices this without thinking of the consequences it will have to the general society. The virtue ethical theory, also known as character-based ethics insists on judging an individual character rather than the actions they comprehend (Papish, 2016). The theory provides guidance on the roles and behaviors a person should strive to achieve. In this theory, people are more interested in assessing the character of an individual other than the goodness or badness of a particular action. The virtue ethics requires one to engage in a business that doesn't contradict it. For instance, if a student acquires an academic work through the help of an organization, it may be detected by the lecture. If it happens that the lecture knows the character of the student as better than other students, the lecturer will judge the student more leniently than a student who always performs worst than other colleagues. Unlike other business ethics, the virtue ethic does not take into consideration of the change of ones character from real moral to immoral. An honest student may suddenly become dishonest unnoticed. The virtue ethic theory differs with other business ethics such as accountability, where one should be accountable for their action. In this case, neither the organization nor the student will be responsible. It also does not consider the safety of the student and the society as a whole. The student might be unlucky and get detected by the lecturer. That will lead to a disciplinary case whereby the student might be suspended from the faculty for not less than two academic years or get expelled from the university. The student will either gets expulsion or not but will eventually be in the society with little trust and poor professionalism. Consequences that might be considerable to students who engage in such practices Document falsification is a crime and has implications for any students who participate in such activities as pointed out by Thomson (2010). There are always set rules and policies in every university that addresses such issues. These practices do destroy not only the student's ambition but also affects the integrity of the university as a whole, an aspect that as well affects the qualification and development of the student in their future career. Document falsification, therefore, has various consequences and penalties depending on the level of which the student has committed the academic dishonesty as well as the policy of every institution offering the learning services to the students. In some institutions, the students are often forced to repeat the assignment with or without grade reduction. The student may also get a zero grading. Other institutions also ensure that the he student found guilty of the act is suspended from the faculty for a period not less than two academic years. The students may as well be expellable from the university, and the students degree may be revoked by the academic disciplinary board. In a systematic study, ///// point out that on being found guilty with a falsified document in Australia, an individual can face up to a ten-years imprisonment. The law applies for every individual found of a machinery or equipment for making a false document or found in possession of the falsified document as pointed out by McCabe (2015). The same study denotes that forgery and false document offenses are often penalized harshly with the aim of acting as a deterrent to others with a similar intention. As a result, the severity of the penalties tends to reflect the current community attitudes and standards to such types of offences. In fact, Huang (2016) puts it that forgery of documents as an offence that comes with heavy penalties as though one has been found guilty with forgery or fraud, an aspect that requires an individual to seek legal advice instantly even if he or she intend to plead guilty. The offence comes under the Crime Act of 2010 that was mainly created in a move to prosecute offenders that allegedly commit forgery and falsification of documents. Conclusion Document falsification is unethical practice and a criminal offense. The practice is prevalent among many university students who acquire their credentials through illegal means. The practice should be forcibly discouraged in the universities through severe punishment. Though other theories such as consequentialism and deontology tend to justify the practice, all students and business enterprises should focus on the MacDonald ethical systems. The MacDonald good levels have better societal and business advantages than consequentialism and deontology. Students should abstain from this practice to continue creating societal trust and honor placed upon them. Students who are prone to document falsification always end up having poor professional character. References Baker, M. (2015). Social Business, Business as if People Mattered: Variations on a Theme by Schumacher (1973). Sustainability, 7(6), 6478-6496. https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su7066478 Bridgman, T. (2010). Beyond the Managers Moral Dilemma: Rethinking the Ideal-Type Business Ethics Case. Journal Of Business Ethics, 94(S2), 311-322. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10551-011-0759-3 Choi, T., Li, Y. (2015). Sustainability in Fashion Business Operations. Sustainability, 7(12), 15400-15406. https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su71115400 Dominici, G. (2017). Governing Business Systems. Theories and Challenges for Systems Thinking in Practice. Systems Research And Behavioral Science, 34(3), 310-312. https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sres.2454 Huang, P. (2016). Positive Institutions: Organizations, Laws, and Policies. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2735616 Kahn, L. (2012). Rule Consequentialism and Scope. Ethical Theory And Moral Practice, 15(5), 631-646. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10677-012-9357-4 McCabe, C. (2015). Publishing ethics: fabrication, falsification and plagiarism. Endocrine Abstracts. https://dx.doi.org/10.1530/endoabs.37.ew1.3 Moore, G. (2006). The Institute of Business Ethics/European Business Ethics Network-UK Student Competition in Business Ethics. Business Ethics: A European Review, 15(3), 292-292. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8608.2006.00443.x Moraes, C., Carrigan, M., Bosangit, C., Ferreira, C., McGrath, M. (2015). Understanding Ethical Luxury Consumption Through Practice Theories: A Study of Fine Jewellery Purchases. Journal Of Business Ethics. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10551-015-2893-9 Morgan-Knapp, C., Goodman, C. (2014). Consequentialism, Climate Harm and Individual Obligations. Ethical Theory And Moral Practice, 18(1), 177-190. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10677-014-9517-9 Papish, L. (2016). CAPS Psychology and the Empirical Adequacy of Aristotelian Virtue Ethics. Ethical Theory And Moral Practice, 20(3), 537-549. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10677-016-9769-7 Parker, S. (2012). Theories of Entrepreneurship, Innovation And The Business Cycle. Journal Of Economic Surveys, 26(3), 377-394. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6419.2012.00728.x Saja, K. (2013). Developing Deontology. New Essays in Ethical Theory. The Philosophical Quarterly, 64(254), 200-202. https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pq/pqt026 Thomson, G. (2010). Taxonomy of Business Ethics Theories. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1718850 Trong , L. (2012). Corporate social responsibility, ethics, and corporate governance. Social Responsibility Journal, 8(4), 547-560. https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17471111211272110 Vazquez, P. (2016). Family Business Ethics: At the Crossroads of Business Ethics and Family Business. Journal Of Business Ethics. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10551-016-3171-1

Computer Science As A Career Essay Example For Students

Computer Science As A Career Essay Computer Science as a career by insert name here The field of Computer Science is based primarily on computer programing. Programming is the writing of computer programs using letters and numbers to make code. The average computer programer will write at least a million lines of code in his or her lifetime. But even more important than writting code, a good programer must be able to solve problems and think logicaly. The working conditions for a programer very greatly. Most banks require their programers to wear a suit and attend an office during normal work hours. On the other side of the buisness, many game companys and Dot-Com-start-ups allow and incurage a fun work environment. Often including toys, cubicle sleep-ins and cold pizza haphazardly laying accross many a desk. Yet nomatter what the company they all involve the employe to stare at a monitor for endless hours and write the applications of tomorrow on a standard keyboard. Many programers devote themselves to their craft and thus are compeled to sleep little and acomplish the work in front of them. After leaving the office, (if at all) it is not unusual to spend 8 more hours on the same project at home. The starting salary for a collage grad or someone of equal ability is about 50-60 a year. High positions requiring people with rare intelect and skill pay up to $300,000.00 per year plus benefits. A rare few achiev millions of dollars on independant/self-employed ventures. Some things can not be taught and must be present in the prospective programer. For example: the ability to aproach problems methodicaly and solve them with logic. However, Other skills can be tought. Comp. Sci. is becoming widely available in collages and even Highschools. Some technical schools now claim to teach an entire programing language in months. Opportunities in the field are extremely available to qualified personel. I have heard first-hand accounts of people being yanked out of collage for a programming position at $60,000 a year. With the expanding of the market for technology, comes the need for programers of all backgrounds. Job-security is pretty good as long as you dont kill somebody(wich recently happened at a dot-com-start-up). And the outlook for promotions is good considering the shortage of programers. There are disadvanges to being a programer. One being that you must risk eye damage with a computer screen every day. The second being that alot of time will be sacrificed in order to accomplish your goals. The third being the unsertainty of any tech related company. Often these companies are unpredictable in earnings and many do not last. Related jobs include logician, software tester, electrical engineer, graphic artist, and systems analyst. Most of these require some background in programing. All information contained in this report is completely original. Sources include *conversations with programers *television programs whose titles have been forgoten *experience as a programer *knowledge imparted to me by name of teacher .

Sample of an APA Style Essay With Announced Bibliography and Discussion Summary

Sample of an APA Style Essay With Announced Bibliography and Discussion SummarySample of an APA Style essay with Annoted Bibliography and discussion summary is one of the most difficult parts of writing a paper. If you are faced with the task of writing this part of the paper, here are some tips that can help you get through this part.The first tip for this part of the paper is to consult the following book: The 'How To' Book by Antony Giannoudis. It will contain numerous APA Style examples, which will give you an idea of what you should do in your own paper.The second important aspect is to understand the structure of a paper, or to know how your structure should be. Normally, each section of the paper has its own structure, which basically states the subject matter that is to be discussed. For example, if you want to write about political issues, you need to decide on the form that the political section will take.You may also want to consider how to write the political section of y our paper. This is a huge topic, so you may want to consider writing it separately. It can be quite tedious, but you can consider using a method that will give you a proper introduction to the topic before the political section.Another advantage that you can have is the use of an APA Style essay with Announced Bibliography and a discussion summary, because it is very easy to keep the bibliography organized. You just need to make sure that the authors of the bibliography are listed and that they belong to the same category. The discussion summary is very important in case you have written about the whole course.For the writers who may have some doubts on how to organize their essay, they may want to use the methods from the Authors' Resource Kit (ART). It contains more information and tips on writing an essay. Once you get familiar with these methods, you can easily use them for other subjects as well.The third tip for writing this part of the paper is to study the style of the Writi ng Center of the American Psychological Association, which has the APA Style examples that are also widely used in the field of psychology. It is highly recommended to use these examples when writing your paper.The final tip is to make sure that your essay is well organized. When you look at your paper and find that some important facts are missing, you may need to do a little research on what to add to your essay to make it perfect. This is a common problem that students face while writing their papers.

Comparing the Ideologies of Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim, and Max Weber Essay Example

Comparing the Ideologies of Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim, and Max Weber Paper Comparing the Ideologies of Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim, and Max Weber Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim, and Max Weber were three historical sociologists. Their views have become world renown and have shaped many ways of interpreting the social structure of many modern societies. This essay will take a glimpse into the three sociologists’ ideals and expose the similarities and differences they may have. Karl Marx’s view of society was based around the economy. All other social structures according to Marx, such as religion, family values, and politics stem from the base, the economy. Religion played no part at all in Marx’s sociological views. He is known as an atheist. He believed that religion was nothing more than a burden on society. â€Å"The economy that forms from the means of production results in the division of labor and forms property† (Simon 1). Division of labor can be described as the way in which tasks are divided in a society. Certain people are assigned certain tasks which help to make sure that the social structure progresses smoothly. As society becomes more advanced, the division of labor becomes more advanced, because more tasks become necessary for society to stably exist. We will write a custom essay sample on Comparing the Ideologies of Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim, and Max Weber specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Comparing the Ideologies of Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim, and Max Weber specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Comparing the Ideologies of Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim, and Max Weber specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Therefore, in Marx’s opinion, the economy grows and advances society which fuels the division of labor that is necessary for harmonious living. Marx believed that social struggle was the main cause of social evolution. In a society there is always a group that is in some way oppressed. If we look back just a few hundred years we see this in slavery, and before that serfdom. So how does oppression promote social change? â€Å"It is the ruling economic class that determines the dominant ideology in a society†¦ And it is class interest that the proletariat must oppose with revolution. †(Simon 2). The upper class in society rules over all the lower classes. When the oppression becomes an unbearable horror for the lower class, they must revolt, according to Marx. We saw this with both given examples. Serfs often fled from their lords, and slaves sought refuge in non-slave states and sometimes even killed their owners. In the case of slavery, there was a complete societal split between the north and the south in America. The main dispute between the two sides was the subject of slavery. But if not for the slaves revolting and feeing, maybe no action would have been taken. This is Marx’s view of social evolution at its finest. The lower class fought for social freedom, and American society was forever changed. So basically, Marx’s cycle of social change is simply Oppression, revolution, uprising, and then the cycle repeats itself as another lower class becomes oppressed. Durkheim believed that social order is obtained through social integration, which is the extent to which the members of a society are held together. â€Å"Durkheim advances his theory of social transition where he argues that social order is maintained through social integration and regulations in a social equilibrium. All nations develop normative behavior patterns and belief systems in the evolutionary change process. During the transitional period the diffusion of new norms and values disrupts the equilibrium of traditional societies. †(Zhao 2). Durkheim believed that society is held together by social integration, but when society is evolving, chaos takes over until new social norms are set. After these social norms are integrated into the new society, social equilibrium is once again achieved; that is until the next social evolution. This in between stage of chaotic change is fueled by what Durkheim called anomie. Anomie is described as a breakdown of social norms regulating individual behavior and social interaction. †(Zhao 4). Durkheim claimed that is human nature to act in a chaotic manner and to seek evolution. The only way he believed that order was possible was through social integration. Religion was a factor in the sociological views of Durkheim. â€Å"Religion, in this ma nner, contributes to the constitution and protection of social order by supplying a moral order. That is to say that ‘since society will always require periodic reaffirmation, religion is an indispensable, permanent social fixture. †(Mazman 10). Durkheim does not hint whether he himself is religious or not, he simply states that religion is necessary to have social integration. He claims that a moral order is necessary in society. It is a set list of rights and wrongs for people to live by. This order is never changed or even questioned by the members of society in times of peace. This moral order cannot simply be insisted by a ruler of some sort, it is much more complex than that. The moral order must come from an unquestionable source. This is why religion is necessary. With religion ruling people, they are threatened not with a punishment in this life, but with eternal damnation. People fear what they do not understand; therefore religion is the only thing that can provide absolute social order. A higher being that no person can see or hear cannot be questioned. The fear of eternal punishment will force a large majority of members of society to submit to the moral and social order. Durkheim insists that religion is one of the greatest ways to prevent anomie which leads to the inevitable society revolutionizing chaos. Max Weber greatly opposed Karl Marx’s views on religion and economy. Weber believed that the economy was certainly not even close to the center of society. â€Å"Economies result from communities, which are arranged in such a way that goods, tangible and intangible, symbolic and material, are distributed. Such a distribution is always unequal and necessarily involves power. †(Simon 8). So in Weber’s opinion material possessions are the root of inequality. Nothing is distributed equally and therefore, leads to social injustice and in some cases oppression. Weber believed that religion was responsible for change in society. â€Å"For Weber, religion, because it calls forth a type of personality through beliefs in ethical values, affects social life and interactions. These ethical values and religious ideas, in turn, are affected by social, economic and political conditions in a given society. †(Mazman 13). Weber’s view on religion is similar to that of Durkheim. Weber believed that religion gave society a set moral order. Weber also claimed that as society advanced the religious views advanced to somewhat modernize the social order. Weber’s work is therefore an invitation to see the history of political institutions, the history of religions or the history of morals as guided by a diffuse program aiming at defining institutions, rules, etc. which will most efficiently respect the dignity and vital interests of all. †(Boudon 6) Weber also dug even deeper. He claimed that certain religions prospered more than ot hers. He actually did prove this. Weber showed that Protestants had the best religion, not in the sense of religious views, but socially and economically. Protestantism provided modern individuals with coherent, meaningful, ethical conduct in terms of seeking salvation and God’s blessing in their worldly activities. †(Mazman 13). The Protestants believed in vocation. They believed that whatever occupation they had in life was not simply by chance, but they were called to it. They were what most would call ‘workaholics’ who dedicated every free second of their time to work. This made the Protestants statistically the most financially well-off group in most societies. This goes back to Weber’s view of the social structure. The Protestants were the wealthiest so they would be the leaders of society. So as I have shown, these three sociologists, Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim, and Max Weber, had world renowned views of society. They all had points that were unquestionable yet others that were flaky at best. We often saw views of each man overlapping. One cannot help but to ponder what if another sociologist came along and took the best parts of their works and put the pieces together. Would the perfect sociological view be formed? Only time can tell. ?

Social Theories in Conflict and Examples of Application

Social Theories in Conflict and Examples of Application Introduction Conflict is part of human existence. Theories expounded by scholars and theorists state that conflicts are the result of human needs not being met, or as a result of competition. When these needs are addressed to, conflicts lose significance. There are a number of theories discussed in this essay and most delve on the interconnectivity of society and the individual members.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Social Theories in Conflict and Examples of Application specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Paramount is the study of Lewis Coser which states that conflicts have a positive effect on society. Historical events relate that social groups are strengthened by conflict. Conflict and social upheaval are common in history. Oppression characterizes historical events. If there was no conflict, it would have been very difficult to write history because history is filled with conflicts of tribes and peoples , kings and their dominions, and nation states against nation states. People and organizations deal with conflict day in and day out. Human nature is complicated; it is filled with emotions and feelings which can be the cause of conflicts. In an organization, there are complexities, errors, and successes, because organizations are manned by humans. We are not governed by theories but we formulate these theories out of our experiences and continued socialization. In the course of time, these theories seem to rule over our behavior and activities. In our socializing activities, we commit errors which are a part of our behavior in making judgments, interpretations, assumptions, and beliefs about our social world, the people within it, and our place in it. This essay will try to delve on the many aspects of conflict, but most especially on the theories of conflict, and on the why and the how of conflicts encountered by man. The Theories Human Needs Theory – John Burton (1990) The theory states that conflicts are caused by human needs that are not met. These needs can be psychological, social, economic, political, etc. The needs and problems of the people involved in conflicts have to be understood and addressed so that the issues that preoccupy the groups and people lose significance and therefore conflict can be resolved. Another argument by Burton and Dukes (1990 as cited in Anyanwu, 2009, p. 58) states that satisfying human needs seems to be present in all conflicts although there are many kinds of conflicts.Advertising Looking for research paper on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Common to the Human Needs theory are selfs of Application specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Muzafer Sherif (1961, as cited in Goldstein, 1994, p. 98) and his research team conducted studies on the causes of intergroup competition. The research was known a s the summer camp studies. They recruited 24 12-year-old boys who came from middle-class families. The boys were not informed of the experiment; instead they were told that it was just a summer camp. The Researchers planned the experiment to be in three stages including group formation, conflict between the groups, and reduction of the conflict. The first stage involved transporting the boys into two separate groups and classifying them according to their psychological and physical characteristics, and separating those who were friends. Inside the camp, the two groups were separated from each other in two distant locations, avoiding possible contact with each other. Activities for the boys involved athletics, hiking, camping, swimming, and developing group structure. Toward the end of the first week, the two groups realized that they were sharing the same facilities and were beginning to exhibit a different kind of behaviour against the rival group. The two groups were now aiming fo r competition. The Researchers staged the games of baseball, tug-of-war and other contests, increasing the tension among the boys, until it escalated into verbal insults and other hostilities. Throughout the period, the attitudes of the two groups became more hostile but were cohesive towards their own team. More activities or experiments, disguised as games, were conducted by the Researchers, and each time the boys showed bias toward their own group. When they were asked to indicate their best friends, they chose their co-members of the group when in reality their best friends before they were brought to the camp were those from the opposite group. The experimenters created instances where the two groups could cooperate with each other and this was when they had to pool their money for a movie that they all wanted to see. Another was for all to help in rescuing the water truck when it got stuck. All other activities involved interdependency for the two groups. The result was that t here was a reduction in hostility. (Goldstein, 1994, pp. 98-9) Team development is designed to improve the effectiveness of team members with interdependent jobs, where effectiveness refers to managing problems and accomplishing group goals. The experiment proved that behaviour of groups could escalate conflict and how easily hostilities can form. The experimenters designed tasks wherein the two groups had no other recourse except to help each other.Advertising Looking for research paper on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Functionalism – Emily Durkheim and Talcott Parsons (1902-1979) This is sometimes known as ‘the society perspective’ or the ‘social-system perspective’. The original work of the French sociologist Emile Durkheim links this theory to the existing system at the time, but it was provided further study by the American sociologist Talcott Parsons. This theory was dominant in the United States during the period 1940s to the 1960s. It gained wide prominence but soon waned down although insights for this theory are linked to the existing social issues. According to this theory, human nature is irrational and self-centred. (Willis, 1996, p. 117) Society has a great influence to the order of things and can prevent the escalation of conflict and war. Willis (1996, p. 117) describes the tension between society and the individual members: ‘ the civilizing influence of society keeps irrationality in check, and individuals do not actively create social lives b ut are products of the external society. Individuals can be free and happy only within the confines set up by society.’ In this theory, society has a great influence on the individual members. It can be said that society comes first and the interest of the majority is ahead of the interest of the individual members. The studies of Frederick Taylor are somehow linked to the society-individual interaction in the functionalism theory. He defined work in terms of the specified tasks designed for the workers to follow, and with no chance of freedom or judgment left on the part of the workers. There is no motivation during those early years of industrialization, which is the basis of Taylor’s theory. (Luecke Hall, 2006, p. 18) Another is that of the social scientist Douglas McGregor who formulated the Theory X and Theory Y approach to management. Managers who embrace Theory X have two motivational tools: the carrot and stick – greed and fear. Theory X sees the boss a s prodding the employees, exerting too much control in the workplace. Theory Y assumes that when people are motivated, they accomplish goals. Workers become productive when they are motivated: to be a part of the team, or to be a part-owner of the organisation, and to be creative in their work. (Fournies, 1999, p. 34) Social Conflict Theory – Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels An important figure in conflict theory is Karl Marx whose work remains important to the understanding of how capitalist and modern society works. Marx’s ideas were revolutionary and a source of great change in a rapidly changing social order. It was known as a revolution within a revolution. Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels focused their theory of the social conflict on the worker and the owner of production, and the so-called class struggle. They both popularized their theory at the height of the industrial revolution. During this time, there were two groups emerging in society – the moneyed cl ass or the bourgeoisie and the workers or the proletariat. (Sociology Guide, 2010) Karl Marx wrote that the worker was used for production, to make goods or commodities and profits. But as his production increased, his being and humanity were disregarded. He became poorer and also was transformed into a commodity, a cheap commodity. As this commodity increased in value, he became devalued in the process. The worker worked for the goods which had more value than him. As the worker continued to struggle, society broke up into classes which were hostile to one another, and the creation of the proletariat and the bourgeoisie. (Randall, 1964) Marx’s focus on class struggles states that the worker has become ‘objectified’. He is made a tool to produce more goods or commodities, and the more he produces commodities, the more he is reduced or lowered. He becomes an instrument for profit; the capitalist rejoices over his job. The worker is reduced to the lowest serf, only being used for the advancement of money, capital, and more profits. (Marx and Engels Internet Archive, n.d.) On the other hand, the powerful and the moneyed class impose their will on the proletariat purposely to preserve everything they have – their power, wealth and even their culture. But Marx says the workers can make themselves powerful if they unite. Marx’s theory is still applicable today. The rich and powerful use their money and power to impose their will upon the poverty-stricken majority, and to preserve their wealth. In the modern world, society is always in a state of conflict because various groups or nation states keep on imposing their will on other groups or states. The powers that be impose their will on the majority, purposely to preserve their wealth and power. (Siegel Welsh, 2009, pp. 164-5) Nevertheless, conflict can offer a positive experience. This was explained by Lewis Coser (cited in Melchin Picard, p. 29) who linked his arguments to the w orks of Hegel and Marx. Coser was interested in the change that society was undergoing and how conflict affected the change. He had broader ideas on social health; he explained that conflict had a lot to do with social change and indeed it had a positive effect on society, i.e. social groups were strengthened by conflict. Conflict balanced the equilibrium. Hegel and Marx developed the theories on conflict as it affects society. Conflict and upheaval are common in history and they are not destructive but the source of strength or vitality. The positive thing about conflict is that history is not all about harmony but about oppression and the forces and activities to counter oppression. (Melchin Picard, 2008, pp. 29-30) Social Darwinism – Charles Darwin It is said that when psychology was still at its early stage, three theorists dominated the scene of debates and discussion – Darwin, Marx, and Freud. These three intelligent personalities influenced the thinking and wri tings of the early social psychologists. Darwin popularized the concept of â€Å"survival of the fittest†: that living things and everything in nature is at war, organisms fight against each other or against the rest of nature and the strongest can survive. (Deutsch, 2006, p. 13) Darwin’s theory focuses on the evolution of the species but the term evolution itself connotes conflict: there is a continuing conflict in living organisms that it seems evolution is all about conflict. Social Darwinism, on the other hand, is more of a vulgarization of the original theory of Darwin’s because it provided reason for other terms to evolve, such as racism, sexism, superiority of another group or class, and conflicts. The ideas of â€Å"survival of the fittest† and those of evolution are now misapplied to social groups which explain the vulgarization part. (Deutsch, 2006, p. 14) Imperialism has been rationalized with this concept. The powerful continue to oppress the less fortunate, or perhaps the working class. But Marx says that the working class can always unite and become powerful. This is the reason why he formulated the concept of communism – to help the class struggle of the working class. Social Darwinism started to emerge in the mid 1920s. But it declined during the popularity of the concepts of Marx’s class struggle. From the waning of the concept of Social Darwinism, emerged the phenomena of war and inter-group hostility. Postmodern Social Theory – George Ritzer and Douglas Goodman The heart of the modern theory is the belief that society can become a better group of people through a revelation of the hidden processes of the past. According to this theory society is a product of past events which can be said as historical accidents and not intentioned activities by personalities or heroes. This theory has two approaches, the modern and the postmodern. (Turner, 2006, p. 151) Postmodern focuses on contingency, for i nstance, scepticism or rejection of universality; rhetoric and a focus on what is irrational. These are emphasized so that it can lead to something which is the contrary, or to lead to some alternatives, and not the usual or traditional methods. Game Theory and Economic Behavior – Von Neumann and Morgenstern (1944, as cited in Deutsch, 2006, p. 16) The Game Theory, as explained by von Neumann and Morgenstern, emphasized on the interdependence of interests of the opposing parties. The theory also formulated mathematical solutions to conflicts through the zero-sum games, but it also emphasized that cooperative and competitive interests are interwoven in conflict. Deutsch (2006) states that conflicts were a mix of cooperative and competitive processes. The cooperative factors were opposed to the common idea at that time that conflicts were purely competitive struggle. Symbolic Interactionism – Sheldon Stryker Symbolic Interactionism is important in sociology as it connote s functions and roles of individuals in society. The theory was developed in the 18th to mid-20th century and its emphasis is on the role theory. This is somehow linked to Functionalism as individual roles are linked to society. (Stryker, 2006, p. 211) Individual members of society have particular roles or functions and if something goes wrong, conflict occurs and can be interpreted as poor role performance. Stryker (2006, p. 211) correlates the traditional symbolic interactionism to the role theory where everyone in society has a filling role to play, for instance as child, parent, teacher, politician, etc. Functionalism and symbolic interactionism have synonymous meanings. Conclusion Conflict theories link society and individual members. As stated in the introduction, conflict is a part of human existence, and history could not have been written without conflicts. There are conflicts within us or inside us, our relations and interactions with others and the society as a whole, and , above all, war or conflicts between nation states, ethnic or tribal wars, etc. Conflict is a human phenomenon. This is how we are made – our innate personality and, to speak religiously, the seeming ‘restlessness’ of the human soul. Conflict begins inside us because of our unique personalities. It springs to our early relationship with family members, the basic unit of society, then onto society. But conflict is not at all ‘bad’ for us and our interaction with society. Since conflict and social upheaval are a part of history, history could not have been written without conflict. Our conclusion goes back to Lewis Coser (in the introduction) who states that conflicts have a positive effect on society. Laws and policies of groups, tribes, nation states and governments have been written and imposed because of conflicts – and to avoid conflicts. . Functions and roles of individuals in society are emphasized in some theoretical perspective, for ex ample in functionalism. We are linked to the community where we assume different roles. At home or at school, in the office or organization, we play different roles. Some are children, others are parents, some play the role of teachers, supervisors, employers or managers. Conflict occurs if we don’t play our roles accordingly. Conflicts help individuals find solutions. Managers realize the importance of conflict and competition; it helps them find ways to improve their business, although in a larger sense they tend to avoid conflict and competition. When the level of conflict is too low, which means the people in an organization tend to avoid conflict – they are content with how things are going on and how they appear to be. This should not be so because conflicts lead people to finding new ways and be creative. References Anyanwu, C. N. (2009). Creative strategies for conflict management community building. Indiana, U.S.A.: Authorhouse. P. 58. Armstrong, M. (1998). M anaging people: a practical guide for line managers. London: Kogan Page Limited. Deutsch, M. (2006). Introduction. In M. Deutsch, P. T. Coleman, E. C. Marcus (Eds.). The handbook of conflict resolution: theory and practice, second edition. San Francisco, California: John Wiley Sons, Inc. pp. 1-4. Firth, D. (2002). Life and work express. United Kingdom: Capstone Publishing. pp. 85-6. 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